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Picnic-2067-08-19 Slideshow: Upendra’s trip from Nepal to 2 cities Kathmandu and Dhan (near Tansen) was created by TripAdvisor. See another Nepal slideshow. Create your own stunning slideshow with our free photo slideshow maker.

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

विश्व रेकर्डका लागि भिट्दै प्युठानका दिनेश

लामो समयसम्म लगातार पढ्ने विधामा विश्व रेकर्डका लागि नेपाली युवाले सात दिन सात रात पढ्ने भएका छन् । प्युठानका दिनेश आचार्यले कार्तिक २ गते विहान ७ बजेबाट पढ्न थाल्ने सोमवार पत्रकार सम्मेलन गरी जानकारी दिए । विश्व रेकर्डका लागि दिनेशले सन् २००८ मा नेपालकै दिपक शर्मा बज्रगाईको १ सय १३ मिनेको रेकर्ड तोडिने छ । बजगाईले सन १९८७ को बेलायती एडि्रन हिल्टनको रकेर्ड तोडेर विश्व रकेर्ड कायम गरेका थिए ।
१ सय ५० घण्टा त पूरा गर्नेछु रिडस्र क्वलले आयोजना गरेको पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा दिनेशले भने सय २१ घण्टाको अभ्यास गरिसकेकेा छु । आवाज निकाले निरन्तर पढ्नुपर्ने र उनका सबै गतिविधिलार्य परीक्षण गर्ने दुई जना साक्ष्ी र क्यामेरा खिचेको रकेर्डसहित गिनिज बुक अफ वल्र्ड रकेर्डमा दावी प्रस्तुत गर्ने रिडस्र क्लवब अध्यक्ष आमोद डोमजोनले तामाङले बताए र हरेक घण्टाको ५ मिने आराम गर्ने समय उनले खाने दिशावपिसाव सरसफाइलगायत पूरा गर्नेछन् । 
स्वदेशी तथा विदेशी लेखकका नेपाली भाषका पुस्तक पढ्ने दिनेशले त्यस अवधीभर ४९ वटा पुस्तक पढ्ने बताए । बालकुमारी माइलस्टोन कलेज साचालन गरिने कार्यक्रममा चिकित्सक एम्बुलेन्स प्रहरी र स्वयम्सेवक लगायतको व्यवस्था गरिएको छ ।

Saturday, May 7, 2011

HOW TO SETUP ADSL ROUTER

HOW TO SETUP ADSL ROUTER

This question is asked to me many times, so here is the answer to configure adsl router regarding NTC's ISP. As xDSL service providers don't send door to door personnel as other cable/wireless ISPs, the user has to be self aware and here I have written every thing you need to know about ADSL making you a Guru in no time.

First thing you need to do is buy an adsl router which you can easily get in any hardware shop, preferably digicom, tplink, dlink, billion, planet, etc. It usually comes with a "splitter" whose task is very important. If you plan on using it alone then buy a single port router else if you want to share it with nearby friends then buy multiport router and few meters of cat-5 cables to expand the lan. Though multiport router costs little more but better buy this as may come handy in future. Also if you have laptop or iPhone then better buy wireless router.

Installation Procedures

  • Disconnect your telephone line from distribution point inside your house
  • Connect it to the input of splitter
  • Connect DSL modem in the splitter interface marked 'modem' with R-J11 connecter
  • Connect your telephone set in the splitter interface marked 'phone'
  • The computers are connected with RJ 45 or USB interface to connect to the DSL Modem.
  • Then create the PPPoE Dial Up connection.
  • Because ADSL can be used for broadband access and involves a wide range of multimedia services, you are recommended use a computer with such configurations :

    • Shall be equipped with the 10M/100M Ethernet adapter or USB 1.1. or higher interface
    • Shall support the TCP/IP protocol.
    • CPU above Pentium III, 128 M memory, 10 G hard disk, graphic accelerating adapter with above 2 M displays memory, audio adapter and sound box.
    • Operating systems can be Windows 98SE, Windows Me, Windows 2000 or Windows XP. For system configuration in the WEB interface, the browser of Internet Explorer V 6.0 or later.
  • If you need extensions, connect it after splitter only. (Important!)


So, basically you have to split your main PSTN line into two via splitter using one outlet for router and one for normal phone line use as shown in above figure.

Now bring your phone set and check if both outlets from splitter give dial tone or not. If not then maintain the phone line and recheck the connection.


Attention (Very Important):
Check if your ADSL line is working, the ADSL led will first blink and then glow continuously after you connect your Modem/CPE to the phone line.

If not then either there is no dial tone or your adsl service hasn't been started.

If there is no response showing (no continuous glow) in the ADSL Led of your Modem/CPE, Please contact the corresponding NT MDF (local exchange) to query if there is any problem in your ADSL line.

Contact Numbers and Exchages:
Sundhara 4231000
Chabahil 4482300
Naxal 4430660
Patan 5534002
Chhauni 4280000
Goangabu 4350400
Hattigauda 4375000
Bhaktapur 6610600
Thimi 6630000
Balambu 4312100
Kritipur 4330380
Teku 4228160
*NT Call Center 197
*If your NT MDF (local exchange) is not listed here then dial 197 and ask for adsl exchange phone no. for your area.

ADSL Modem (CPE) Configuration
After Purchasing CPE (ADSL 2+ modem), Client are requested go through its manual thoroughly.

Browse the web management page of your ADSL modem. For example if your modem management interface IP Address is 192.168.1.1

Enter http://192.168.1.1/ in your web browser.

Provide admin username and password of your modem.

Normal Router IP's are 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.10, 192.168.1.54, 192.168.1.100, 192.168.0.1, etc.
Normal username and password are :
username: admin
password: admin
or
username: admin
password: password

(Note: customers are exteremly encouraged to go through their Modem/CPE manual to get information like IP address, Admin username and Password).

If you have problem with your ADSL login username and password, contact Internet Section, phone : 5545875,5545876



If you are using modem management interface for the first time then you may be shown quick setup wizard for configuring xdsl.Generally, Modem/CPE can be used in Routing Mode or Bridge Mode.

1. Routing Mode
In this mode, modem/cpe dials with username and password provided by NT. You have to explicitly provide username and password to your modem configuration. In this mode same Modem/CPE can be used to share internet connection to multiple computers.

So in this mode, when you turn on the router, you are automatically connected to the internet whether the computer is on/off. Use this mode if you are sharing the net. Note here username and password refers to adsl234 (not admin as previous) provided by NT.

Configuration Parameters for Routing Mode

VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
encapsulation --- PPPOE/LLC
Authentication --- Auto

Username --- Provided by NT (eg. adsl1234)
Password --- Provided by NT (eg. adsl1234)
Providing these information should establish connection between CPE and DSLAM

Rx/Tx counters should start to increase

After this you need to save/restart the router. Usually there's the option to save and reboot in the modem web interface (search it) and the restart takes about two minutes.

Note : One does not need to create a dial up or dail while using routing mode. Modem will dial itself. In authentication mode, previously NT used CHAP mode but now they have switched to PAP mode. So, you can provide PAP instead of auto also.



2. Bridge Mode

In this mode your computer dials with username and password provided by NT. This mode is mainly used to connect internet for a single computer.

Configuration Parameters for Bridge Mode

Select Bridge Mode
Encapsulation --- LLC
VPI --- 8
VCI --- 81
Authentication --- Auto

After this you need to save/restart the router. Usually there's the option to save and reboot in the modem web interface (search it) and the restart takes about two minutes.

This is like traditional 56-k dial-up also called Dial-On-Demand. For this you need to create a Dial-up Connection for ADSL(Broadband) as below:

Configuration For XP


  • Go to network connection wizard window

  • Choose Make Internet dialup connection

  • Choose manual option

  • Choose xdsl PPPoe service

  • Provide service name

  • Username - provided by NT (eg. adsl1234)

  • Password - provided by NT (eg. adsl1234)



  • For convenience place a shortcut of this connection in desktop (right click on dial-up and send to desktop). Now dial with the account created

    You are now surfing NT High Speed Internet

    For windows 2000 and Windows 98,
    Please






    Troubleshooting:


    So, your internet is not working. See if the tips below help:

    1. Internet Protocol properties:


    Go to start-> My Network Places, click view Network connections, right click local area connection and select properties. Set Obtain IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically option in Internet protocol properties of LAN connection



    Sometimes when you set your TCP/IP Properties to automatic, the ethernet card (lan card) of your computer has problems communicating with your router and it cannot assign the ip address and you see a pop-up like limited or no connection. In this case click the ballon and go to support and click on repair. This automatically refreshes the ip and corrects the problem.

    If the problem presists then assign the ip address manually. Go to start-> My Network Places, click view Network connections, right click local area connection and select properties. In Internet protocol properties of LAN connection, set Use the following IP address option and enter the following:


    In default gateway and preferred DNS server set your router IP address and leave alternate DNS server blank. Click OK and your IP address is changed, no restart required. You can set IP's from 192.168.x.x where x ranges from 0-255 except the used IP's such as router and your lan friend's IP.

    2. UPnP Devices::


    For this first check internet connection by going to start->My Network Places, on the top right pane called Network tasks click the last option called Show icons for networked UPnP devices. Click yes on the dialogue box and now the windows component install takes place. After completion you will see ADSL Router icon when connected. If there's no connection between your computer and router then this device may not show.


    Now go to view network connections, there's also one extra item besides local area connection named internet connection. When connected it'll show as connected and when not disconnected it'll show as disconnected. To make it easier right click internet connection properties and select Show icon in notification area when connected. This will add icon on taskbar which notifies you of internet connection.



    3. Ping :


    Alternatively, you can see if there's net or not by starting command prompt (start->run->cmd) and typing ping www.google.com. If there's ping reply then there's net else the request time outs then there's no net.

    4. Default Gateway:


    Go to your Modem/CPE web interface (eg.192.168.1.1), enter username (admin) and password for router, you are generally presented with router status something like below:

    Device Info
    Board ID: 96338E
    Software Version: 3.10L.02.A2pB022g.d20h
    Bootloader (CFE) Version: 1.0.37-10.3

    This information reflects the current status of your DSL connection.

    Line Rate - Upstream (Kbps):509
    Line Rate - Downstream (Kbps):1021
    LAN IP Address: 192.168.1.1
    Default Gateway: 113.199.128.1
    Primary DNS Server: 202.70.64.5
    Secondary DNS Server: 202.70.64.15

    Main thing to notice here is the Default Gateway. If the Default Gateway is blank or Primary and Secondary DNS Server shows 192.168.1.1 then you should know there's no net connection.

    Sometimes the Modem/CPE just needs a reboot/restart to work. Usually there's the option to save and reboot in the modem web interface (search it) or you can turn off and on the router and the restart takes about two minutes.

    Still there's no internet connection while the pulse (dsl or link or data) is continuously glowing then reset the router to default setting through modem web interface or manually reset by pinning a pointed object at the back of the router which has a switch in a hole called reset. Again configure the router and restart. If this doesn't solve the problem then call the following NT numbers:

    Complain and Maintenance Numbers:

    ADSL Complain 4244400
    ADSL Maintainance 4231000
    ADSL Voice Direction 1618014244400
    *NT Call Center 197
    *Call 197 to ask for your NT MDF (local exchange) phone no. and contact them.

    Thursday, April 28, 2011

    Some Examples of QBSIC Programming

    Qbasic program to check entered letter is capital or small(uppercase or lowercase)
    REM PROGRAM TO CHECK ENTERED NUMBER IS UPPERCASE OR LOWERCASE
    CLS
    INPUT "Enter a letter";A$
    U$=UCASE$(A$)
    IF U$=A$ THEN
    PRINT "It is capital letter"
    ELSE
    PRINT "It is small letter"
    ENDIF
    END
    USING DECLARE FUNCTION PROCEDURE
    DECLARE FUNCTION UC$ (A$)
    CLS
    INPUT "Enter a letter"; A$
    PRINT UC$(A$)
    END

    FUNCTION UC$ (A$)
    CH$ = UCASE$(A$)
    IF A$ = CH$ THEN
    UC$ = "It is capital letter"
    ELSE
    UC$ = "It is small letter"
    END IF
    END FUNCTION
    USING DECLARE SUB PROCEDURE
    DECLARE SUB UC(A$)
    CLS
    INPUT "Enter a letter"; A$
    CALL UC(A$)
    END

    SUB UC(A$)
    CH$ = UCASE$(A$)
    IF A$ = CH$ THEN
    PRINT "It is capital letter"
    ELSE
    PRINT "It is small letter"
    END IF
    END SUB

    Program to check a given number is palindrome or not in qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    S = N
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R * 10 + A
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    IF S = R THEN
    PRINT "THE GIVEN NUMBER IS PALINDROME"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT PALINDROME"
    END IF
    Using Declare Sub Procedure
    DECLARE SUB A (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    CALL A(N)
    END
    SUB A (N)
    S = N
    WHILE N <> 0
    B = N MOD 10
    R = R * 10 + B
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    IF S = R THEN
    PRINT "IT IS PALINDROME"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT PALINDROME"
    END IF
    END SUB

    Program to check a given string is palindrome or not in qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A STRING"; S$
    FOR I = LEN(S$) TO 1 STEP -1
    M$ = MID$(S$, I, 1)
    REV$ = REV$ + M$
    NEXT I
    IF S$ = REV$ THEN
    PRINT "THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT PALINDROME"
    END IF
    Using declare sub
    DECLARE SUB A(S$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A STRING"; S$
    CALL A(S$)
    END
    SUB A(S$)
    FOR I = LEN(S$) TO 1 STEP -1
    M$ = MID$(S$, I, 1)
    REV$ = REV$ + M$
    NEXT I
    IF S$ = REV$ THEN
    PRINT "THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT PALINDROME"
    END IF
    END SUB

    Program to check given number is armstrong or not in qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    S = N
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R + A ^ 3
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    IF S = R THEN
    PRINT "THE GIVEN NUMBER IS ARMSTRONG"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT ARMSTRONG"
    END IF
    Using declare sub procedure
    DECLARE SUB A(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    CALL A(N)
    END
    SUB A(N)
    S=N
    WHILE N <> 0
    B = N MOD 10
    R = R + B ^ 3
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    IF S = R THEN
    PRINT "THE GIVEN NUMBER IS ARMSTRONG"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS NOT ARMSTRONG"
    END IF
    END SUB

    Program to reverse a given number in qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R * 10 + A
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    PRINT R
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    DECLARE SUB A(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    CALL A(N)
    END
    SUB A(N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    B = N MOD 10
    R = R * 10 + B
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    PRINT R
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    DECLARE FUNCTION A(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    PRINT A(N)
    END
    FUNCTION A(N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    B = N MOD 10
    R = R * 10 + B
    N = FIX(N / 10)
    WEND
    A=R
    END FUNCTION

    Program to convert decimal to hexadecimal in qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER INTO HEXADECIMAL
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A DECIMAL VALUE"; N
    WHILE N <> 0
    K = N MOD 16
    IF K = 10 THEN
    B$ = "A"
    ELSEIF K = 11 THEN
    B$ = "B"
    ELSEIF K = 12 THEN
    B$ = "C"
    ELSEIF K = 13 THEN
    B$ = "D"
    ELSEIF K = 14 THEN
    B$ = "E"
    ELSEIF K = 15 THEN
    B$ = "F"
    ELSE
    B$ = STR$(K)
    END IF
    H$ = B$ + H$
    N = FIX(N / 16)
    WEND
    PRINT "HEXADECIMAL VALUE IS "; H$
    END
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER INTO HEXADECIMAL
    DECLARE FUNCTION Z$ (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A DECIMAL VALUE"; N
    PRINT "HEXADECIMAL VALUE IS "; Z$(N)
    END

    FUNCTION Z$ (N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    K = N MOD 16
    IF K = 10 THEN
    B$ = "A"
    ELSEIF K = 11 THEN
    B$ = "B"
    ELSEIF K = 12 THEN
    B$ = "C"
    ELSEIF K = 13 THEN
    B$ = "D"
    ELSEIF K = 14 THEN
    B$ = "E"
    ELSEIF K = 15 THEN
    B$ = "F"
    ELSE
    B$ = STR$(K)
    END IF
    H$ = B$ + H$
    N = FIX(N / 16)
    WEND
    Z$ = H$
    END FUNCTION
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER INTO HEXADECIMAL
    DECLARE SUB Z (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A DECIMAL VALUE"; N
    CALL Z(N)
    END

    SUB Z (N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    K = N MOD 16
    IF K = 10 THEN
    B$ = "A"
    ELSEIF K = 11 THEN
    B$ = "B"
    ELSEIF K = 12 THEN
    B$ = "C"
    ELSEIF K = 13 THEN
    B$ = "D"
    ELSEIF K = 14 THEN
    B$ = "E"
    ELSEIF K = 15 THEN
    B$ = "F"
    ELSE
    B$ = STR$(K)
    END IF
    H$ = B$ + H$
    N = FIX(N / 16)
    WEND
    PRINT "HEXADECIMAL VALUE IS  "; H$
    END SUB

    Program to convert decimal to octal in qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO Octal
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 8
    B$ = STR$(A)
    N = FIX(N / 8)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    PRINT "QUAINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; C$
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO Octal
    DECLARE SUB O(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    CALL O(N)
    END
    SUB O(N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 8
    B$ = STR$(A)
    N = FIX(N / 8)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    PRINT "QUAINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; C$
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO Octal
    DECLARE FUNCTION O$(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    PRINT "QUAINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; O$(N)
    END
    FUNCTION O$(N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 8
    B$ = STR$(A)
    N = FIX(N / 8)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    O$=C$
    END FUNCTION

    Program to reverse a given string in qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A STRING"; S$
    FOR I = LEN(S$) TO 1 STEP -1
    M$ = MID$(S$, I, 1)
    REV$ = REV$ + M$
    NEXT I
    PRINT REV$
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    DECLARE SUB A(S$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A STRING"; S$
    CALL A(S$)
    END
    SUB A(S$)
    FOR I = LEN(S$) TO 1 STEP -1
    M$ = MID$(S$, I, 1)
    REV$ = REV$ + M$
    NEXT I
    PRINT REV$
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    DECLARE FUNCTION A$ (S$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A STRING"; S$
    PRINT A$(S$)
    END
    FUNCTION A$ (S$)
    FOR I = LEN(S$) TO 1 STEP -1
    M$ = MID$(S$, I, 1)
    REV$ = REV$ + M$
    NEXT I
    A$ = REV$
    END FUNCTION

    Program to converts Hexadecimal to Decimal in Qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER HEXADECIMAL VALUE";B$
    FOR I=LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$=MID$(B$,I,1)
    C=VAL(A$)
    IF A$="A" THEN C=10
    IF A$="B" THEN C=11
    IF A$="C" THEN C=12
    IF A$="D" THEN C=13
    IF A$="E" THEN C=14
    IF A$="F" THEN C=15
    H=H+C*16^P
    P=P+1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS";H
    END
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE FUNCTION Z(B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER HEXADECIMAL VALUE";B$
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS";Z(B$)
    END
    FUNCTION Z(B$)
    FOR I=LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$=MID$(B$,I,1)
    C=VAL(A$)
    IF A$="A" THEN C=10
    IF A$="B" THEN C=11
    IF A$="C" THEN C=12
    IF A$="D" THEN C=13
    IF A$="E" THEN C=14
    IF A$="F" THEN C=15
    H=H+C*16^P
    P=P+1
    NEXT I
    Z=H
    END FUNCTION
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE SUB Z(B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER HEXADECIMAL VALUE";B$
    CALL Z(B$)
    END
    SUB Z(B$)
    FOR I=LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$=MID$(B$,I,1)
    C=VAL(A$)
    IF A$="A" THEN C=10
    IF A$="B" THEN C=11
    IF A$="C" THEN C=12
    IF A$="D" THEN C=13
    IF A$="E" THEN C=14
    IF A$="F" THEN C=15
    H=H+C*16^P
    P=P+1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS";H
    END SUB

    Program to convert decimal to binary in qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    WHILE N <> 0
    A = N MOD 2
    B$ = STR$(A)
    N = FIX(N / 2)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    PRINT "BINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; C$
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY
    DECLARE SUB A (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    CALL A(N)
    END

    SUB A (N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    E = N MOD 2
    B$ = STR$(E)
    N = FIX(N / 2)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    PRINT "BINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; C$
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY
    DECLARE FUNCTION A$ (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    PRINT "BINARY EQUIVALENT IS"; A$(N)
    END

    FUNCTION A$ (N)
    WHILE N <> 0
    E = N MOD 2
    B$ = STR$(E)
    N = FIX(N / 2)
    C$ = B$ + C$
    WEND
    A$=C$
    END FUNCTION

    Program to convert Binary to Decimal in qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A BINARY NUMBER"; B$
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    M = M + C * 2 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS "; M
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE SUB Z(B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A BINARY NUMBER"; B$
    CALL Z(B$)
    END
    SUB Z(B$)
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    M = M + C * 2 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS "; M
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS BINARY NUMBER TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE FUNCTION Z (B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A BINARY NUMBER"; B$
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS "; Z(B$)
    END

    FUNCTION Z (B$)
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    M = M + C * 2 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    Z = M
    END FUNCTION

    Program to convert Octal to Decimal in Qbasic
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS OCTAL TO DECIMAL
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A OCTAL VALUE"; B$
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    D = D + C * 8 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS"; D
    END
    Using declare function procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS OCTAL TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE FUNCTION Z (B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A OCTAL VALUE"; B$
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS"; Z(B$)
    END

    FUNCTION Z (B$)
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    D = D + C * 8 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    Z = D
    END FUNCTION
    Using declare sub procedure
    'THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS OCTAL TO DECIMAL
    DECLARE SUB Z(B$)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A OCTAL VALUE"; B$
    CALL Z(B$)
    END
    SUB Z(B$)
    FOR I = LEN(B$) TO 1 STEP -1
    A$ = MID$(B$, I, 1)
    C = VAL(A$)
    D = D + C * 8 ^ P
    P = P + 1
    NEXT I
    PRINT "DECIMAL VALUE IS"; D
    END SUB

    Program to find the product of the digits of the given number in Qbasic
    CLS
    R = 1
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R * A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    PRINT "PRODUCT OF DIGITS IS";R
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    DECLARE SUB C(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    CALL C(N)
    END
    SUB C(N)
    R = 1
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R * A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    PRINT "PRODUCT OF DIGITS IS";R
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    DECLARE FUNCTION C(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    PRINT "PRODUCT OF DIGITS IS";C(N)
    END
    FUNCTION C(N)
    R = 1
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R * A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    C = R
    END FUNCTION

    Program to find the sum of the digits of the given number in Qbasic
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R + A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    PRINT "SUM OF DIGITS IS";R
    END
    Using declare function procedure
    DECLARE FUNCTION C(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    PRINT "SUM OF DIGITS IS";C(N)
    END
    FUNCTION C(N)
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R + A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    C = R
    END FUNCTION
    Using declare sub procedure
    DECLARE SUB C(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    CALL C(N)
    END
    SUB C(N)
    WHILE N<>0
    A = N MOD 10
    R = R + A
    N = FIX ( N / 10 )
    WEND
    PRINT "SUM OF DIGITS IS";R
    END SUB

    Program to print fibonacci series in Qbasic
    Write a program in Qbasic to print the fibonacci series up to tenth term. Using loops-FOR...NEXT & WHILE...WEND Fibonacci series is the series in which the next number is obtained by the sum of two number just front of it. The first two numbers are explained by the user.It can be obtained up to any term.Here, I am only doing of tenth term.You can change the number of output to any term just by changing the looping number.Here is example of a fibonacci series. suppose you entered the first two numbers-1 & 2 and upto the tenth term then your output will be as:
    1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89
    Here in the begining 1 & 2 are the entered numbers.3 is the product of 1 & 2 as the definition of fibonacci series given in first.like wise 5 is the sum of 2 & 3 and 8 is the sum of 3 & 5 and so on..You can Download the source file.Here is the program.

    Using FOR...NEXT
    CLS
    A = 1
    B = 2
    PRINT A
    PRINT B
    FOR I = 1 TO 10
    C = A + B
    PRINT C
    A = B
    B = C
    NEXT I
    END
    Using WHILE...WEND
    CLS
    I = 1
    A = 1
    B = 2
    PRINT A
    PRINT B
    WHILE I < = 10
    C = A + B
    PRINT C
    A = B
    B = C
    I = I + 1
    WEND
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    Using FOR...NEXT
    DECLARE SUB FIB ()
    CLS
    CALL FIB
    END
    SUB FIB
    A = 1
    B = 2
    PRINT A
    PRINT B
    FOR I = 1 TO 10
    C = A + B
    PRINT C
    A = B
    B = C
    NEXT I
    END SUB
    Using WHILE...WEND
    DECLARE SUB FIB ()
    CLS
    CALL FIB
    END
    SUB FIB
    I = 1
    A = 1
    B = 2
    PRINT A
    PRINT B
    WHILE I < = 10
    C = A + B
    PRINT C
    A = B
    B = C
    I = I + 1
    WEND
    END SUB

    Program to check whether a given number is prime or composite in qbasic
    'PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NUMBER IS PRIME OR COMPOSITE
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    FOR I = 2 TO N/2
    IF N MOD I = 0 THEN
    C = C+2
    END IF
    NEXT I
    IF C>0 THEN
    PRINT "IT IS COMPOSITE"
    ELSE
    ? "IT IS PRIME"
    END IF
    END
    Using declare sub procedure
    'CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NUMBER IS PRIME OR COMPOSITE
    DECLARE SUB A(N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER";N
    CALL A(N)
    END

    SUB A(N)
    FOR I = 2 TO N/2
    IF N MOD I = 0 THEN
    C = C+2
    END IF
    NEXT I
    IF C>0 THEN
    PRINT "IT IS COMPOSITE"
    ELSE
    ? "IT IS PRIME"
    END IF
    END SUB
    Using declare function procedure
    'PROGRAM TO CHECK WHETHER A GIVEN NUMBER IS PRIME OR COMPOSITE
    DECLARE FUNCTION AB (N)
    CLS
    INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N
    IF AB(N) > 0 THEN
    PRINT "IT IS COMPOSITE"
    ELSE
    PRINT "IT IS PRIME"
    END IF
    END

    FUNCTION AB (N)
    FOR I = 2 TO N / 2
    IF N MOD I = 0 THEN
    C = C + 2
    END IF
    NEXT I
    AB = C
    END FUNCTION

    Tuesday, April 19, 2011

    IT Policy in Nepal


    In Nepal The information technology policy shall be developed to make information technology accessible to the general public and increase employment through this means, to build a knowledge-based society, and to establish knowledge-based industries.
    The policies to be pursued for the implementation of the above-mentioned strategies shall be as follows:
    • To declare information technology sectors a prioritized sector.
    • To follow a single-door system for the development of information technology.
    • To prioritize research and development of information technology.
    • To create a conducive environment that will attract investment in the private sector, keeping in view the private sector's role in the development of information technology.
    • To provide internet facilities to all Village Development committees of the country in phases.
    • To render assistance to educational institutions and encourage native and foreign training as a necessity of fulfilling the requirement of qualified manpower in various fields pertaining to information technology.
    • To computerize the records of each governmental office and build websites for them for the flow of information.
    • To increase the use of computers in the private sector.
    • To develop physical and virtual information technology park in various places with the private sector's participation for the development of information technology.
    • To use information technology to promote e-commerce, e-education, e-health, among others, and to transfer technology in rural areas.
    • To establish National Information Technology Centre.
    • To establish a national level fund by mobilizing the resources obtained from His Majesty's Government, donor agencies, and private sectors so as to contribute to research and development of information technology and other activities pertaining to it.
    • To establish venture capital funds with the joint participation of public and private sectors.
    • To include computer education in the curriculum from the school level and broaden its scope.
    • To establish Nepal in the global market through the use of information technology.
    • To draft necessary laws that provides legal sanctions to the use of information technology.
    • To gradually use information technology in all types of governmental activities and provide legal sanctions to its uses in such activities.

    Monday, April 18, 2011

    Small and Medium Enterprise Solutions

    Tally 9 – The Complete Business Solution

    As your business grows and transcends state and international borders, you need a business accounting software that keeps pace with your complex business demands and simplifies growth. The software you choose must offer you greater speed, power and reliability, besides having the ability to adapt quickly to your business. Tally 9 was engineered to effectively fulfill these needs and help overcome the challenges of a growing business.

    Designed for unmatched speed, power, scaleability and reliability

    Powered by Tally’s path-breaking proprietary technology - C:MuLate (Concurrent Multi-lingual Accelerated Technology Engine) – Tally 9 is the result of a perfect fusion between the Concurrent Multi-lingual Platform and Object Oriented Database Engine. This technology is what ensures the blazing speed, power, scaleability and world-class reliability that Tally 9 promises.

    Features that will empower your business

    The dynamic features and MIS capabilities in Tally 9 are designed to simplify your business operations, while giving you complete control over your accounting, inventory and statutory processes. Multi-lingual and data synchronisation capabilities, allow you to transact business without language barriers or geographical boundaries.
    Tally 9 is very simple to learn and even easier to use. And the advantages of using this robust product are apparent from the start. To learn more about how Tally 9 can enhance your productivity and profitability, do look through the features and benefits.

    Tally 9 Features

    Tally 9 has powerful, in-built features that are designed to meet the complex needs of a growing business. These features will help you speed up your business processes, take quicker decisions and enhance your productivity.

    General Features

    Concurrent Multi-lingual capability- allows you to expand your business beyond geographical boundaries without worrying about language barriers. You can maintain your accounts in one language, view reports in another language and send invoices to your customers in yet another language, all at the press of a button.

    Payroll- lets you automate the management of your employee records including visa and employment contract management. This feature also offers automatic calculation of salaries and payslip generation.

    Job Costing- enables you to generate profitability statements for each project executed, including financial and material resource apportionments, wherever applicable.

    POS Invoicing- allows faster data entry and printing on 40 column continuous stationery. It also provides barcode support.

    Flexible Financial Periods- allows you to break away from inflexible accounting years and perform all accounting functions in Tally for time-periods that suit your convenience.

    Unlimited Companies- allows you to create and maintain up to 99,999 companies, concurrently.

    Data Synchronisation- helps you synchronise and update data across multiple locations. This enables fast and easy exchange of business information, between offices and branches, across various geographies.

    Consolidation of Companies- enables grouping of companies and provides consolidated reports. Changes done in any constituent or branch company are automatically updated in the grouped information.

    Unlimited levels of classification- facilitates ledger classification and re-classification as required. It also enables easy viewing and analysis of information; thus helping you make informed decisions.

    Advanced MIS- helps you compare information in order to understand and analyse performance levels for various periods or divisions. It helps you study and understand the buying patterns of customers, so that you can channel your resources to specific segments, periods or customers. It also helps you analyse cash flow situations.

    Drill Down Facility- helps you drill down or instantly update from any report – starting from the Balance Sheet down to Vouchers, or vice versa.

    Accounting Features


    Accounting without CODES –
    lets you define unlimited levels of classification, with regular names (no more inconvenient account codes), so that you can manage the most complex ledgers with ease.

    Unified Ledgers – integrates your general, sales and purchase ledgers into a single ledger, organised in groups, for easy management.

    Complete Bookkeeping – enables you to record all types of transactions including receipts, payments, income and expenses, sales and purchases, debit notes, credit notes, adjustment journals, memorandum journals and reversing journals. Transaction data entry through unique voucher entry is easy and flexible to configure, for diverse types of transactions.

    Comprehensive Accounting – lets you instantly obtain your balance sheets, profit & loss statements, cash and funds flows, trial balances, and others.

    Multi-currency Accounting – offers you flexibility of multiple currencies in the same transaction and allows viewing of all reports in one or more currency. Tally meets the fundamental criteria set out for EMU handling.

    Receivables and Payables – enables you to:
    • Dynamically allocate payments against invoices with reference to due dates
    • Get reports that are classified, grouped, and aged to your definitions
    • Generate customisable reminders, for overdues
    Payment Performance of Debtors – helps you identify troublesome debtors and persistent late payers, thereby helping you take the right decision.

    Ratio Analysis – offers you a bird’s eye view of your company, through a single sheet performance analysis, based on a range of key performance ratios.

    Generate Quotations, Orders, Invoice, Voucher and Cheque Printing – ensures real-time linking of accounts and inventory besides enabling instantaneous generation of documents, which can either be printed or mailed directly to the recipient.

    Budgeting – gives you unlimited budgets and periods. For example, original and revised budgets.

    Security Control – enables you to define security levels for access control.

    Powerful Audit capabilities - allows you to track malafide changes, while making genuine corrections with unparalleled ease.

    "Scenario" management – helps you with your business forecasting and planning. You can use optional, reversing journals and memorandum vouchers, to aid in recording provisional entries that are useful for interim reports. For example, you can use optional vouchers to record provisional sales and compare with actuals. You can also prepare reports that include provisional figures, without affecting actual accounts, by using automatic reversing journals.

    Unlimited Cost/Profit Centres with power project oriented reporting – gives you multi-dimensional analysis and comparatives, with an unlimited classification of analysis criteria.

    Interest Calculation – enables you to calculate interest on dues, loans etc., based on certain set criteria or specified dates and time periods. You can also customise the calculation of interest to change after a certain time period, or based on other pre-defined conditions.

    Inventory Features

    Multi-location Stock Control– helps you manage simple single-location, or complex multi-location stocks, with unlimited classification systems for your items, and your own units of measure.

    Multiple-location Warehouse Management– helps you track stock movement; allowing you to decide which warehouse to ship from depending on stock position.

    Flexible Units of Measure– helps you track stock, irrespective of the units of measure. For example, when you buy in tons and sell in kilograms or buy in crates and sell as pieces.

    Comprehensive recording of stock movement– lets you comprehensively record all sorts of inventory transactions, using the inventory voucher forms. Vouchers include goods receipt notes, delivery notes, stock journals, manufacturing journals and physical stock journals. All stock movements are fully recorded and maintained in stock registers.

    Varieties of Management Reports– gives you party-wise details of goods bought and sold and helps you identify customer buying patterns, through movement analysis. Stock query is a unique single sheet report that gives you information on stocks at different locations, as well as stock in hand of substitutes.

    Stock Ageing– identifies stocks based on age, thus helping you to dispose off old stocks quickly.

    Batch-related Stock Reports– helps you exercise stock control at the level of batches, by generating reports such as ‘batch-wise’ reports and ‘expiry date’ based details.

    Comprehensive Order Status Reports– ensures that you stay on top of your stocks order position. You can also specify re-order levels in absolute quantities, or based on previous consumption.

    Sales & Purchase Orders– enables you to record orders with a complete cycle of recording and allocation through inventory deliveries, invoicing and accounting - maintaining the trail right through. Single sheet reports give you details of current stocks, orders due for delivery, orders due for receipt, or shortfalls, if any. You can also get party-wise or item-wise details of orders outstanding and/or fulfilled.

    Invoicing– allows you to print, export, e-mail or publish sales invoices that are produced, directly from Tally. This comprehensive invoicing system allows flexible handling of charges and taxes. You can choose from different invoice formats and adopt them as your own, or have a completely different layout designed.

    Multiple Stock Valuation– allows you to choose from different types of valuation methods, including ‘First in First out’, ‘Age Cost’, ‘Last in Last out’, ‘Standard’, among others.

    Reorder Levels- allows for user-defined Reorder levels for any given period thus helping you avoid excess stocking of items while ensuring that you don’t run out of essential stock.

    Multiple Price Levels- allows you to pre-define item rates for specific categories of customers, enabling faster and error-free invoicing and data entry.

    Other Unique Features

    Cutting-edge Technology- Tally 9 has achieved major technological breakthroughs to enable you to benefit from collaborative technology such as, protocol support for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, ODBC, and Raw Sockets, with data interchange formats like XML, HTML, SOAP, SDF and related formats, rule-based collaboration supporting export, upload and synchronisation. Built on the path-breaking concurrent multi-lingual, multi-user platform, Tally 9 is powered by a highly optimised Object Oriented Database Engine.

    OpenTally– lets you create your format in any ODBC compliant software like MS-Word or MS-Excel, and then pull data from Tally, to create any report you want. You can even generate your export documentation by pulling data from Tally.

    MailTally– enables you to easily e-mail invoices, purchase orders or any other documents, to your customers, suppliers or associates. You can also save time and costs of printing and postage by emailing reminder letters, statement of accounts etc.

    XML Tally- enables you to exchange information with non-Tally systems so that you can share data across locations and make your workflow seamless.

    Online Help– offers you ‘Context Sensitive Help’. Just press the ‘Help’ button while in Tally, and it will bring up the relevant topic.

    Print Preview– lets you check report formats and layouts before actually printing.

    Direct access to the internet– lets you directly access and browse the web from within Tally 9.

    Export to Excel– Export to Excel is a new feature that has been incorporated in this release of Tally 9. This feature enables the user to export any report generated by Tally into Excel. Consequently the user can generate graphical representations of his data for better visual presentation. It will considerably speed up and ease the process of filing VAT e-Returns in the future.
    Note: Export to Excel is compatible with Microsoft Office'97 or higher.

    LAN Support for Tally 9 Silver– lets you directly access and browse the web from within A single company data can now be accessed simultaneously by more than one Tally 9 Silver (Single User) licenses.
      

    Saturday, April 16, 2011

    Introduction of Computer

    Computer is an Electronic device which accepts raw data from user and able to give meaningful output. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions.
    Diagram of Computer


    All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:-

  • Memory : Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.

  • Mass storage device : Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.

  • Input device : Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.

  • Output device : A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.

  • Central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions.